Which Size AWG Wire Should You Use For 100 Amp Service?

One of the most common questions wire and cable buyers ask is: Which wire gauge is appropriate for 100 amp service, and which type of cable should be chosen? The truth is that you can use various types of copper and aluminum wire for a 100-amp service. Is there a best option among THHN, XHHW, UF-B, USE, and SER?

Catalog

Typical wire sizes for 100 Amp Service include 4 AWG or 2 AWG for copper wiring, and 2 AWG, 1 AWG, or 1/0 AWG for aluminum or copper-clad wiring, also fitting for direct burial. When selecting a 100 amp service wire size, remember that a 100 amp circuit at 240V can handle up to 24,000W of electricity. What adjustments are required for longer runs exceeding 100 feet? If that’s the case, using a larger wire size is advised to accommodate for voltage drop. The ground wire size is another consideration for 100 Amp service, typically 8 AWG copper or 6 AWG aluminum grounding wire.

Where is 100 AMP Service Used?

Is a 100 amp service panel sufficient for residential use? This depends on the home's size and the number of appliances.

A 100-amp service panel is common in mid-sized homes and apartments with several 240-volt appliances and basic air conditioning systems. It is also standard for older homes with fewer devices. However, in today's context, it's crucial to consider the total power demand of household devices and future-proofing for potential upgrades.

Larger houses that have a combination of electric and gas appliances and higher power demands often go for 150 amp or 200 amp services. In homes over 3,000 square feet with central air conditioning or electric heat, a 100 Amp service is typically insufficient.

Beyond residential uses, 100 amp service panels are also applicable for detached garages, workshops, agricultural facilities, and temporary power setups at construction sites. They also serve to feed subpanels and circuit breaker panels in various buildings. The versatility of 100 amp service makes it a viable solution for many different settings. Therefore, assessing your power needs with professional guidance can determine if a 100 Amp service is appropriate for your specific situation.

Types Of Wire Used in 100 Amp Service

The wires for 100 amp service vary based on whether they are copper or aluminum, and both types are suitable for these panels. For commercial applications, it's preferable to use flame-retardant, plenum or riser-rated, and low-smoke zero-halogen cables. Ensuring safety and adherence to building codes is paramount in these settings.

Types of Copper Wire For 100-amp Service Panels

Common types of copper wire used in 100 Amp service include:

THHN/THWN-2 and XHHW-XHHW-2

These are used in conduit, offering temperature resistance and flexibility.

USE-2 RHH RHW-2

Used for underground service entrance applications and known for their durability and moisture resistance.

Copper SER

A popular choice for panels and subpanels. Selecting a cable with an appropriate size ground wire ensures safety and regulatory compliance.

Type MC Cable

Featuring protective armor, this type can be used without conduit, providing security and ease of installation.

UF-B Cable

Suitable for underground service and direct burial, this cable is resistant to elements and mechanical damage.

Types of Aluminum Wire For 100-amp Service Panels

Aluminum wire for 100 AMP service is effective if the correct size is chosen. Common types include:

2-2-2-4 Dyke Quadruplex Aluminum Conductor Underground Direct Burial 600V URD

This option is cost-effective and versatile for both wet and dry applications.

SER Service Entrance Cable

Suitable for above-ground use and offers high conductivity.

XHHW

Designed for dry and wet locations, providing flexibility and resistance to heat.

USE-2

Approved for underground service, this option is durable for harsh environments.

Many features of these aluminum wires are similar to those of copper. The 2-2-2-4 Dyke Quadruplex Aluminum Conductor Underground Direct Burial 600V URD stands out as an affordable and versatile option suitable for various applications. By carefully selecting the proper wire type, one ensures safety, efficiency, and compliance with installation standards, optimizing both the functionality and longevity of the electrical service.